Eu não sou um especialista, mas em tal problema, eu instalei todo o Ubuntu e usei o Ubuntu Software Center para instalar o firefox.
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W: The repository 'cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801) xenial Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Failed to fetch cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801)/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
Eu não sou um especialista, mas em tal problema, eu instalei todo o Ubuntu e usei o Ubuntu Software Center para instalar o firefox.