O scandisk / chkdsk produz um arquivo de log quando executado antes do login?
Na inicialização, o chkdsk salva seus resultados no log de eventos.
Usando o Visualizador de Eventos para Encontrar Resultados do Chkdsk
After CHKDSK has run and your machine has rebooted, run the event viewer: hold down the Windows key and press R, and type eventvwr into the resulting Run dialog.
Click on OK and Event Viewer will run.
This is the Windows 8 Event Viewer; Windows 7’s and Vista’s are similar, while Windows XP’s is actually much simpler. While the screen shots may be different, the general idea will apply to all three.
If the right-hand pane bothers you, as it does me, click on the “Show/Hide Action Pane” toolbar button to make it go away.
Expand the “Windows Logs” on the left (by clicking on the triangle to its left), and click on “Application” below it.
In the event log list that appears to the right, click on the first item, and then, one at a time, press the down-arrow key to see each successive event. You’re viewing them in reverse-chronological order (most recent first). There will be many that are basically incomprehensible – don’t worry about them. There may be several that display scary red “error” icons – ignore those too, they’re part of the mess that is the Event Viewer.
Eventually you’ll come to an event with its “Source” listed as Wininit (Windows Initialization). The information displayed in the window below will look very familiar (there may be many other events from Wininit; we’re looking for the one that has CHKDSK information in the event information below the list).
Nota: como apontado na resposta do @Wessel, a fonte de eventos do Windows XP a ser procurada é "winlogon".
The text box within the “General” tab of that information below the event-log listing is scrollable, and contains the entire text of the CHKDSK run that happened at boot time. You can scroll up and down to view the entire CHKDSK session.
An easier way to view the entire CHKDSK result is to click anywhere on the results text, type CTRL+A to select all, then CTRL+C to copy it all to the clipboard. Now run Notepad, and paste the results in there.
The formatting can sometimes be a little odd, but the results are exactly what you’d expect: the text generated by CHKDSK as it ran on boot. It’s all there for you to view at your leisure.
Fonte Como eu vejo os resultados de um CHKDSK que foi executado na inicialização?