O Windows PowerShell pode fazer isso facilmente.
Get-ChildItem C:\Users\*\AppData\Local\*.txt
Se você quiser incluir subpastas:
Get-ChildItem C:\Users\*\AppData\Local\*.txt -recurse
Com relação aos arquivos ocultos (etc.), o help Get-ChildItem
do Powershell diz:
By default, Get-ChildItem gets non-hidden items, but you can use the Directory, File, Hidden, ReadOnly, and System parameters to get only items with these attributes. To create a complex attribute search, use the Attributes parameter. If you use these parameters, Get-ChildItem gets only the items that meet all search conditions, as though the parameters were connected by an AND operator.