Você precisa deles se precisar da funcionalidade que eles incorporam; por exemplo, a biblioteca ghostscript para manuseio Postscript é usada no sistema de impressão do Emacs, e a biblioteca imagemagick está strongmente envolvida no suporte à imagem do Emacs.
Dito isto, se você não precisa que seu Emacs gere Postscript ou exiba imagens, & c., então a melhor maneira de contornar a necessidade dessas bibliotecas é obter e construir a origem do Emacs, habilitando apenas o recursos que você realmente precisa para minimizar o número de bibliotecas externas com as quais o Emacs está vinculado.
Você pode obter a fonte Emacs do site do Projeto GNU . Depois de baixado e descompactado, a compilação segue a convenção usual configure <options> && make && make install .
Aqui está a lista completa de opções de configuração (a saída de configure --help ) para o Emacs 24.3:
'configure' configures emacs 24.3 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print 'checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for '--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or '..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, 'make install' will install all the files in
'/usr/local/bin', '/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than '/usr/local' using '--prefix',
for instance '--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/emacs]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
X features:
--x-includes=DIR X include files are in DIR
--x-libraries=DIR X library files are in DIR
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--disable-ns-self-contained
disable self contained build under NeXTstep
--enable-locallisppath=PATH
directories Emacs should search for lisp files
specific to this site
--enable-checking[=LIST]
enable expensive run-time checks. With LIST, enable
only specific categories of checks. Categories are:
all,yes,no. Flags are: stringbytes, stringoverrun,
stringfreelist, xmallocoverrun, conslist, glyphs
--enable-check-lisp-object-type
enable compile time checks for the Lisp_Object data
type. This is useful for development for catching
certain types of bugs.
--enable-profiling build emacs with low-level, gprof profiling support.
Mainly useful for debugging Emacs itself. May not
work on all platforms. Stops profiler.el working.
--enable-autodepend automatically generate dependencies to .h-files.
Requires GNU Make and Gcc. Enabled if GNU Make and
Gcc is found
--disable-dependency-tracking speeds up one-time build
--enable-dependency-tracking do not reject slow dependency extractors
--disable-largefile omit support for large files
--enable-gcc-warnings turn on lots of GCC warnings/errors. This is
intended for developers, and may generate false
alarms when used with older or non-GNU development
tools.
--enable-link-time-optimization
build emacs with link-time optimization. This is
supported only for GCC since 4.5.0.
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--without-all omit almost all features and build small executable
with minimal dependencies
--without-pop don't support POP mail retrieval with movemail
--with-kerberos support Kerberos-authenticated POP
--with-kerberos5 support Kerberos version 5 authenticated POP
--with-hesiod support Hesiod to get the POP server host
--with-mmdf support MMDF mailboxes
--with-mail-unlink unlink, rather than empty, mail spool after reading
--with-mailhost=HOSTNAME
string giving default POP mail host
--without-sound don't compile with sound support
--with-x-toolkit=KIT use an X toolkit (KIT one of: yes or gtk, gtk2,
gtk3, lucid or athena, motif, no)
--with-wide-int prefer wide Emacs integers (typically 62-bit)
--without-xpm don't compile with XPM image support
--without-jpeg don't compile with JPEG image support
--without-tiff don't compile with TIFF image support
--without-gif don't compile with GIF image support
--without-png don't compile with PNG image support
--without-rsvg don't compile with SVG image support
--without-xml2 don't compile with XML parsing support
--without-imagemagick don't compile with ImageMagick image support
--without-xft don't use XFT for anti aliased fonts
--without-libotf don't use libotf for OpenType font support
--without-m17n-flt don't use m17n-flt for text shaping
--without-toolkit-scroll-bars
don't use Motif or Xaw3d scroll bars
--without-xaw3d don't use Xaw3d
--without-xim don't use X11 XIM
--with-ns use NeXTstep (Cocoa or GNUstep) windowing system
--with-w32 use native MS Windows GUI
--without-gpm don't use -lgpm for mouse support on a GNU/Linux
console
--without-dbus don't compile with D-Bus support
--without-gconf don't compile with GConf support
--without-gsettings don't compile with GSettings support
--without-selinux don't compile with SELinux support
--without-gnutls don't use -lgnutls for SSL/TLS support
--without-makeinfo don't require makeinfo for building manuals
--without-compress-info don't compress the installed Info pages
--with-pkg-config-prog=PATH
path to pkg-config for finding GTK and librsvg
--with-crt-dir=DIR directory containing crtn.o etc. The default is
/usr/lib, or /usr/lib64 on some platforms.
--with-gameuser=USER user for shared game score files
--with-gnustep-conf=PATH
path to GNUstep.conf; default $GNUSTEP_CONFIG_FILE,
or /etc/GNUstep/GNUstep.conf
--with-x use the X Window System
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CPP C preprocessor
XMKMF Path to xmkmf, Makefile generator for X Window System
Use these variables to override the choices made by 'configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to the package provider.
Opções cujos nomes começam com "enable", "disable", "with" e "without" controlam qual funcionalidade está embutida nos binários resultantes e deve ser de interesse primordial para você aqui.
Tendo construído recentemente o meu próprio Emacs 24.3, posso atestar que o processo de construção é muito simples; se você estiver familiarizado com a construção de software Linux a partir do código-fonte, não deverá encontrar dificuldades além da necessidade de instalar uma biblioteca ou duas, e se não estiver familiarizado com o processo, este é um bom lugar para começar a aprender isso.