Pelo que eu posso ver no despejo, é que o DropboxExt64_17.dll causa a falha.
STACK_TEXT:
00000000'0e620000 00000000'00000000 : ntdll!RtlReportCriticalFailure+0x89
00000000'0e95a1b0 00000000'00000000 : ntdll!RtlpLogHeapFailure+0xa4
00000000'00000060 00000000'00000000 : ntdll! ?? ::FNODOBFM::'string'+0x1fddb
00000000'00000000 00000000'00000000 : ntdll!RtlAllocateHeap+0xfa
00000000'0cc4dc48 00000000'6530cb87 msvcr90!malloc+0x5b
00000000'0cc4dc78 00000000'651fc0b4 msvcp90!std::basic_string<unsigned short,std::char_traits<unsigned short>,std::allocator<unsigned short> >::assign+0x90
00000000'0cc4dc80 00000000'0ea0ae38
00000000'0cc4dcb8 00000000'651ffafb msvcp90!std::basic_string<unsigned short,std::char_traits<unsigned short>,std::allocator<unsigned short> >::basic_string<unsigned short,std::char_traits<unsigned short>,std::allocator<unsigned short> >+0x27
00000000'0cc4dce0 00000000'0dc2e1e0
00000000'0cc4dce8 000007ff'2fcdd9ee DropboxExt64_17+0xd9ee
00000000'0cc4dd10 00000000'00000000
00000000'0cc4dd18 000007ff'2fcdd9a4 DropboxExt64_17+0xd9a4
00000000'0cc4dd20 00000000'0ea0ae38
Loaded symbol image file: DropboxExt64.17.dll
Image path: C:\Users\Chloe\AppData\Roaming\Dropbox\bin\DropboxExt64.17.dll
Image name: DropboxExt64.17.dll
Timestamp: Thu Oct 04 23:42:34 2012
Informe isso à equipe de dropbox para que eles possam corrigi-lo. Enquanto isso, use o ShellExView para desativar o Dropbox-ShellExtensions.
// Editar. Eu também vejo que você usa o Google Drive. Isso também é conhecido por causar falhas no Explorer. Desative os ícones de sincronização no Google Drive se a desativação do Dropbox não corrigir o problema.
00000000'0cc4e430 00000000'00000078
00000000'0cc4e438 00000000'6530cb87 msvcr90!malloc+0x5b
00000000'0cc4e440 00000000'00000000
00000000'0cc4e460 00000000'00000000
00000000'0cc4e468 000007ff'2fbd6bbc googledrivesync64+0x6bbc
00000000'0cc4e470 00000000'0e934410
00000000'0cc4e478 000007ff'2fbf6bd1 googledrivesync64+0x26bd1
00000000'0cc4e480 00000000'0e990000
00000000'0cc4e4b0 00000000'00000004
00000000'0cc4e4b8 000007ff'2fc33257 googledrivesync64+0x63257
00000000'0cc4e4c0 00000000'00000005
Loaded symbol image file: googledrivesync64.dll
Image path: C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Drive\googledrivesync64.dll
Image name: googledrivesync64.dll
Timestamp: Tue Dec 18 04:48:28 2012
Você também usa o SkyDrive:
Loaded symbol image file: SkyDriveShell64.dll
Image path: C:\Users\Chloe\AppData\Local\Microsoft\SkyDrive.0.2003.1112\amd64\SkyDriveShell64.dll
Image name: SkyDriveShell64.dll
Timestamp: Mon Nov 12 20:55:22 2012
Não é bom usar tantas ferramentas registradas no Explorer.