Você pode usar o ffmpeg no terminal. Eu acho que ffmpeg -i é o que você está procurando.
exemplo: ffmpeg -i filename.wav
Quando faço isso em um arquivo aleatório que eu baixei, recebo este feedback:
[jarco@geronimo ~]$ ffmpeg -i a-team_con_man.wav
ffmpeg version 3.0.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2016 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 5.3.0 (GCC)
configuration: --prefix=/usr --disable-debug --disable-static --disable-stripping --enable-avisynth --enable-avresample --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libdcadec --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore_amrnb --enable-libopencore_amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-shared --enable-version3 --enable-x11grab
libavutil 55. 17.103 / 55. 17.103
libavcodec 57. 24.102 / 57. 24.102
libavformat 57. 25.100 / 57. 25.100
libavdevice 57. 0.101 / 57. 0.101
libavfilter 6. 31.100 / 6. 31.100
libavresample 3. 0. 0 / 3. 0. 0
libswscale 4. 0.100 / 4. 0.100
libswresample 2. 0.101 / 2. 0.101
libpostproc 54. 0.100 / 54. 0.100
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.0 : mono
Input #0, wav, from 'a-team_con_man.wav':
Duration: 00:00:13.70, bitrate: 88 kb/s
Stream #0:0: Audio: pcm_u8 ([1][0][0][0] / 0x0001), 11025 Hz, 1 channels, u8, 88 kb/s
At least one output file must be specified