Eu fiz esta pergunta também na lista de discussão do tmux, e recebi a seguinte resposta:
When you press a non-text key or key-sequence, your terminal translates that into some particular sequence of characters. For example, if I open a new gnome-terminal, run "cat" and press keys, I can see that left-arrow sends "^[[D", while ctrl+left-arrow sends "^[[1;5D".
I believe the ability to send modifiers (ctrl, alt, shift) with arrow-keys is a feature added by xterm and copied by other terminal-emulators, it's not part of the original VT100/VT220 feature-set. Which is to say, if you run "cat" in a terminal and pressing ctrl+left-arrow results in "^[[D" on your screen, then you're out of luck.
In particular, the Linux console is a very limited and not-particularly-xterm-compatible terminal, and it doesn't surprise me that it doesn't support ctrl+arrow keys.
Assim, a única maneira de redimensionar os painéis abaixo de tty é religar as chaves:
bind-key -r < resize-pane -L 3
bind-key -r > resize-pane -R 3
bind-key -r + resize-pane -U 1
bind-key -r = resize-pane -D 1