Compreendendo a tabela de roteamento com o OpenVPN

Question

Layout de rede: Laptop (OpenVPN client) <-> router with 192.168.1.xxx subnet <-> internet <-> Home router (running DD-WRT with OpenVPN server) with 192.168.11.xxx subnet

O servidor VPN está operando no modo de camada 2 (ponte). Todo o meu tráfego na internet passa pelo túnel da VPN. Meu roteador doméstico & VPN tem um IP externo de 68.64.127.82 .

Meu laptop (cliente VPN) tem um endereço IP na LAN física de 192.168.1.40 . Meu endereço IP na VPN é 192.168.11.50 .

Eis a minha pergunta: O que faz todo o tráfego da Internet passar pelo túnel da VPN?

Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.1.1     192.168.1.40     20
          0.0.0.0        128.0.0.0     192.168.11.1    192.168.11.50     30

A primeira linha diz que tudo deve estar no roteador em que estou fisicamente conectado (não no roteador VPN). A segunda linha não faz sentido para mim. A sub-rede 192.168.11.xxx está na minha VPN. Como você pode ter um destino 0.0.0.0 com uma máscara de rede?!?

Pergunta 2: O que a 128.0.0.0 netmask significa com um destino 0.0.0.0 ?

Pergunta 3: Por que a segunda linha tem prioridade sobre a primeira linha?

Obrigado pela sua ajuda!

Aqui está minha tabela de roteamento completa:

Aqui está minha tabela de roteamento completa:

C:\Users\owner>route print
===========================================================================
Interface List
 19...00 ff 79 ee e1 6b ......TAP-Windows Adapter V9
 10...00 1a 4b 13 d2 92 ......Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet
  1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
===========================================================================

IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.1.1     192.168.1.40     20
          0.0.0.0        128.0.0.0     192.168.11.1    192.168.11.50     30
     68.64.127.82  255.255.255.255      192.168.1.1     192.168.1.40     20
        127.0.0.0        255.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        127.0.0.1  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
  127.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        128.0.0.0        128.0.0.0     192.168.11.1    192.168.11.50     30
      192.168.1.0    255.255.255.0         On-link      192.168.1.40    276
     192.168.1.40  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.1.40    276
    192.168.1.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.1.40    276
     192.168.11.0    255.255.255.0         On-link     192.168.11.50    286
    192.168.11.50  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.11.50    286
   192.168.11.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.11.50    286
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      192.168.1.40    276
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link     192.168.11.50    286
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    306
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.1.40    276
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link     192.168.11.50    286
===========================================================================

Aqui está o meu ipconfig:

Windows IP Configuration

Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
   Description . . . . . . . . . . . : TAP-Windows Adapter V9
   Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-FF-79-EE-E1-6B
   DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
   Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c1f8:5d3:e14:dba6%19(Preferred)
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.11.50(Preferred)
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, December 11, 2014 11:20:53 AM
   Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Friday, December 11, 2015 11:20:53 AM
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :
   DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.11.0
   DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 520159097
   DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-16-A1-5A-F6-00-1A-4B-6B-D2-7C

   DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1
                                       fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1
                                       fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1
   NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
   Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet
   Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1A-4B-13-D2-92
   DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
   Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::61c0:c604:f3e5:498%10(Preferred)
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.40(Preferred)
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, December 11, 2014 11:20:35 AM
   Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Friday, December 12, 2014 11:20:35 AM
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
   DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
   DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 234887755
   DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-16-A1-5A-F6-00-1A-4B-13-D2-92

   DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
   NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

    

Answer 1

Resolvido! Obrigado ao eibgrad nos fóruns do DD-WRT. Aqui está sua resposta:

(Fonte: link )

It's just a clever hack/trick. 

There’s actually TWO important extra routes the VPN adds: 

128.0.0.0/128.0.0.0 (covers 0.0.0.0 thru 127.255.255.255) 
0.0.0.0/128.0.0.0 (covers 128.0.0.0 thru 255.255.255.255) 

The reason this works is because when it comes to routing, a more specific route is always preferred over a more general route. And 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 (the default gateway) is as general as it gets. But if we insert the above two routes, the fact they are more specific means one of them will always be chosen before 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 since those two routes still cover the entire IP spectrum (0.0.0.0 thru 255.255.255.255). 

VPNs do this to avoid messing w/ existing routes. They don’t need to delete anything that was already there, or even examine the routing table. They just add their own routes when the VPN comes up, and remove them when the VPN is shutdown. Simple.