A minha unidade SSD está falhando?

Question

Estou usando um SSD bastante novo (comprado há cinco meses) e recentemente tive uma falha de leitura. Aqui está o que o kernel relatou:

Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.463590] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1000000 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.478096] ata2.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.486388] ata2.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.497141] ata2.00: cmd 60/80:c0:00:18:2c/05:00:02:00:00/40 tag 24 ncq dma 720896 in
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.497141]          res 41/40:80:00:18:2c/00:05:02:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.530266] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.538714] ata2.00: error: { UNC }
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.586520] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.586576] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#24 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.586581] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#24 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.586585] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#24 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.586590] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#24 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 02 2c 18 00 00 05 80 00
Jul  1 01:02:44 tryphon kernel: [1554891.586593] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 36444160

Alguns minutos depois, o daemon smartd enviou um email para o root:

Subject: SMART error (OfflineUncorrectableSector) detected on host: tryphon

This message was generated by the smartd daemon running on:

   host name:  tryphon
   DNS domain: home

The following warning/error was logged by the smartd daemon:

Device: /dev/sdb [SAT], 1 Offline uncorrectable sectors

Device info:
LDLC, S/N:07072217A1171, FW:Q0601B, 120 GB

For details see host's SYSLOG.

You can also use the smartctl utility for further investigation.
Another message will be sent in 24 hours if the problem persists.

Como ele é usado em uma configuração RAID 1 com um HDD, isso não é muito ruim, mas ainda parece ruim.

De qualquer forma, queria verificar a legibilidade do meu SSD com dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null e sofri mais falhas de leitura. Aqui estão os logs do kernel para os próximos erros de leitura:

Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.319485] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x180 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.332971] ata2.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.340961] ata2.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.351416] ata2.00: cmd 60/00:38:08:23:80/01:00:00:00:00/40 tag 7 ncq dma 131072 in
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.351416]          res 41/40:00:08:23:80/00:01:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.383720] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.391853] ata2.00: error: { UNC }
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.439236] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.439258] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.439261] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.439264] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.439268] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#7 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 80 23 08 00 01 00 00
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.439270] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 8397576
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.451841] ata2: EH complete
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.831494] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1000 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.845137] ata2.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.853069] ata2.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.863461] ata2.00: cmd 60/08:60:78:23:80/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 12 ncq dma 4096 in
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.863461]          res 41/40:08:78:23:80/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.895577] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.903692] ata2.00: error: { UNC }
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.951089] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.951111] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#12 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.951116] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#12 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.951119] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#12 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.951125] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#12 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 80 23 78 00 00 08 00
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.951128] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 8397688
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.963674] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 1049711, async page read
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4398.978559] ata2: EH complete
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.051447] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x80000 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.065213] ata2.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.073159] ata2.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.083555] ata2.00: cmd 60/08:98:78:23:80/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 19 ncq dma 4096 in
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.083555]          res 41/40:08:78:23:80/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.115655] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.123792] ata2.00: error: { UNC }
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.171197] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.171223] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#19 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.171228] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#19 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.171232] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#19 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.171237] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#19 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 80 23 78 00 00 08 00
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.171240] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 8397688
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.183787] Buffer I/O error on dev sdb, logical block 1049711, async page read
Jul  3 19:28:24 tryphon kernel: [ 4399.198659] ata2: EH complete

e:

Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.513650] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x4000 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.527221] ata2.00: irq_stat 0x40000008
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.535114] ata2.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.545448] ata2.00: cmd 60/08:70:98:af:32/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 14 ncq dma 4096 in
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.545448]          res 41/40:08:98:af:32/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.577373] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.585423] ata2.00: error: { UNC }
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.632752] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.632778] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#14 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.632784] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#14 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.632790] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#14 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.632797] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#14 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 32 af 98 00 00 08 00
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.632801] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 3321752
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.645296] md/raid1:md1: sdb3: rescheduling sector 173976
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.656333] ata2: EH complete
Jul  5 12:28:06 tryphon kernel: [    5.695829] md/raid1:md1: redirecting sector 173976 to other mirror: sda3

Depois, dei uma olhada no que a unidade informa com o S.M.A.R.T. sistema. Este é o resultado:

# smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.4 2014-10-07 r4002 [x86_64-linux-4.9.0-0.bpo.6-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-14, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     LDLC
Serial Number:    07072217A1171
Firmware Version: Q0601B
User Capacity:    120,034,123,776 bytes [120 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.2, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Wed Jul 11 00:43:45 2018 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00)     Offline data collection activity
                                    was never started.
                                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)     The previous self-test routine completed
                                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:            (  120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                        (0x11) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                    No Auto Offline data collection support.
                                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                    command.
                                    No Offline surface scan supported.
                                    Self-test supported.
                                    No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                    No Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0002)     Does not save SMART data before
                                    entering power-saving mode.
                                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)     Error logging supported.
                                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (  10) minutes.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       3828
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       18
160 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       6
161 Unknown_Attribute       0x0033   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       99
163 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       60
164 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       3268
165 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       2
166 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       1
167 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       1
168 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       1500
169 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       100
175 Program_Fail_Count_Chip 0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
176 Erase_Fail_Count_Chip   0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
177 Wear_Leveling_Count     0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       18
178 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Chip  0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       1
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total  0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total  0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       7
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       40
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       11868576
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       6
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       6
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       0
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       99
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0030   100   100   050    Old_age   Offline      -       10975
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0030   100   100   050    Old_age   Offline      -       29075
245 Unknown_Attribute       0x0032   100   100   050    Old_age   Always       -       2904

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported

Pelo que entendi, o atributo Offline_Uncorrectable com valor de 6 parece muito ruim, já que me parece que alguns dados foram perdidos 6 vezes. Estou faltando alguma coisa?

Além disso, o valor bruto do atributo Hardware_ECC_Recovered parece enorme , especialmente quando comparado ao atributo Total_LBAs_Read .

Devo me preocupar com a minha unidade SSD? Devo substituí-lo?

Por que vale a pena, esta é uma unidade de TLC. Eu sei que eles são menos duráveis do que os drives MLC (ou o SLC ainda melhor), mas eu não esperava perda de dados depois de apenas alguns meses.

    

Answer 1

Resposta parcial:

Você tem 6 Offline_uncorrectable (que deve ocorrer durante os testes off-line) e 6 Reallocated_Event_Count , mas zero Reallocated_Sector_Ct . Eu li isso como "tentei realocar um bloco durante um teste offline seis vezes, mas falhei a cada vez".

A mensagem de erro no log do kernel também diz "falha na realocação automática", embora seja um evento on-line , não um off-line .

Então:

1) Use smartctl para ver o resultado dos testes off-line, em particular a que horas eles foram executados e se ocorreram erros.

2) Use smartctl para iniciar outro teste offline (durante a noite etc.). Veja os resultados.

3) Você mencionou "algumas novas falhas de leitura" no comentário. Quais são os números de bloco para eles? É sempre o mesmo bloco?

Se for um bloco único que, por algum motivo, não pode ser realocado automaticamente, considero a marcação desse bloco como ruim no sistema de arquivos (a maioria dos sistemas de arquivos tem esse recurso). Isso geralmente não é feito hoje porque todos os discos rígidos realocam automaticamente, tanto o mecânico quanto o SSD, mas o recurso existe exatamente para esse propósito.

Embora eu esteja mais preocupado com a falha na realocação automática; isso pode significar que o bloco (invisível) que contém a meta-informação de realocação é ruim.

Não sei o que fazer com isso; Se o fornecedor do SDD tem uma ferramenta especial para download, onde você pode ajustar o material de baixo nível (alguns fornecedores), isso pode ajudar.