Eu encontrei esta página da web que provavelmente tem a resposta para sua pergunta, Histórico de atualizações do Windows 10 :
If you just want to find the OS name, you can use ver command. Just open command window and execute ver command. But note that this does not show service pack version.
C:\>ver Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] C:\>
As you can see above, ver command just tells you the OS name but not the service pack number you are using. We can find service pack number as well as the OS name using Systeminfo command. But Systeminfo dumps lot of other information also. So we need to use findstr command to filter out unwanted information.
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"