Sim. Computadores da Apple (Laptop e Desktops) nos últimos anos têm conseguido usar fones de ouvido padrão do iPhone (CTIA Standard LRGM TRRS), com controles remotos, para entrada e saída de áudio.
Suporte da Apple: Como usar os Fones de ouvido da Apple com o controle remoto e o microfone com o seu Mac
Which Apple computers work with the microphone and volume controls that are included with the Apple Earphones with Remote and Mic?
Any computer that displays "External microphone" in the System Profiler will work with the Apple Earphones with Remote and Mic. To confirm that External microphone is in your System Profiler, choose About This Mac from the Apple () menu and then click More Info. Select Audio (Built In) under the Hardware section.
Note que é suportado apenas no OSX, não no Bootcamp / Windows, no AFAIK.
Qualquer computador com conector USB Tipo C pode / deveria suportá-lo também.
The USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Revision 1.1 specifies a mapping from a USB Type-C jack to a 4-pole TRRS jack, for the use of headsets, and supports both CTIA and OMTP (YD/T 1885-2009) modes. See Audio Adapter Accessory Mode (Appendix A):
Analog audio headsets are supported by multiplexing four analog audio signals onto pins on the USB Type-C connector when in the Audio Adapter Accessory Mode. The four analog audio signals are the same as those used by a traditional 3.5 mm headset jack. This makes it possible to use existing analog headsets with a 3.5 mm to USB Type-C adapter. The audio adapter architecture allows for an audio peripheral to provide up to 500 mA back to the system for charging.
(Nota lateral, muitos sabores do Linux agora suportam headsets TRRS, se o hardware que ele suporta também.)