Google "cabo USB longo" ou seja específico quanto ao tamanho desejado.
Você pode obter cabos com repetidores no meio para percorrer longas distâncias. Muitas lojas & varejistas on-line os carregam.
O USB 2 pode viajar cerca de 5m antes de precisar de um repetidor.
Há uma boa explicação em link
Active (Repeater) Extension Cables:
USB active extension cables contain electronics that regenerate the USB signal. Active cables are essentially 1 port USB hubs. You can use a regular USB cable in conjunction with an active cable as long as the regular cable is not more than 5 meters (16 feet and 5 inches) long for 2.0 devices and not more than 3 meters (9 feet and 10 inches) long for 3.0 devices. Note: Typically, active cables are bus-powered cables. To ensure you receive the full 500mA power of a USB port, consider purchasing an active cable that includes a separate power adapter.