This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section.
set allows you to change the values of shell options and set the positional parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
A opção -e
-e
Exit immediately if a pipeline (see Pipelines), which may consist of a single simple command (see Simple Commands), a subshell command enclosed in parentheses (see Command Grouping), or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed by braces (see Command Grouping) returns a non-zero status. The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a while or until keyword, part of the test in an if statement, part of any command executed in a && or || list except the command following the final && or ||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command’s return status is being inverted with !. A trap on ERR, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment separately (see Command Execution Environment), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
Fonte: www.gnu.org
Editado devido ao comentário do @ psusi abaixo.
Além disso, você pode ler a página de manual do bash
man bash
na seção: COMANDOS SHELL BUILTIN
ou problema
help set
para uma breve mensagem de ajuda.