O que eu acho que você está procurando é um sistema de gerenciamento de recursos como o SGE (Sun Grid Engine, agora Orcale Grid Engine, mas existem bons garfos).
SGE is typically used on a computer farm or high-performance computing (HPC) cluster and is responsible for accepting, scheduling, dispatching, and managing the remote and distributed execution of large numbers of standalone, parallel or interactive user jobs. It also manages and schedules the allocation of distributed resources such as processors, memory, disk space,and software licenses.
SGE (garfos):
Veja também o SLURM: