(Com base nas entradas de registro fornecidas em comentário )
Apr 9 18:25:41 elclanrs postfix/smtp[13034]: cannot load Certificate Authority data: disabling TLS support
Apr 9 18:25:41 elclanrs postfix/smtp[13034]: warning: TLS library problem: 13034:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:169:fopen('/etc/postfix/cacert.pem','r'):
[...]
Apr 9 18:25:42 elclanrs postfix/smtp[13034]: 249AD3FFAE: to=<[email protected]>, relay=smtp.gmail.com[173.194.68.109]:587, delay=0.29, delays=0.03/0/0.21/0.04, dsn=5.7.0, status=bounced (host smtp.gmail.com[173.194.68.109] said: 530 5.7.0 Must issue a STARTTLS command first. ku2sm27631513qeb.4 - gsmtp (in reply to MAIL FROM command))
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Corrigir seu
smtp_tls_CAfile
Verifique o Postfix: Configurando o Gmail como Relay (Ubuntu)
Sugeresmtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
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O Gmail só oferece SMTP AUTH através de conexões criptografadas (após STARTTL ou por SMTPS).
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O pacote Debian que fornece dados de CA é denominado de certificados de ca.