Como instalar o build-essential no Ubuntu 12.04? (problemas de dependência do gcc e do g ++)

Question

Acabei de instalar o servidor Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. Eu estou tentando instalar o pacote essencial de compilação; No entanto, quando tento instalá-lo, recebo o seguinte erro:

Some packages could not be installed. this may mean that you have an impossible situation or it you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yer been created or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve this situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: gcc (>= 4:4.4.3) but it is not installable
                   Depends: g++ (> 4:4.4.3) but it is not installable
E: Unalbe to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Antes de instalar, certifiquei-me de fazer uma atualização do apt-get. Mas ainda não funciona.

[EDITAR]

Baseado em sugestões peterh:

O conteúdo de /etc/apt/sources.list é o seguinte:

enter code here

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140806.1)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140806.1)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140806.1)]/ precise main restricted

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140806.1)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140806.1)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 12.04.5 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20140806.1)]/ precise main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's
## 'extras' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

sudo apt-get install gcc produz:

sudo apt-get install gcc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package gcc is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'gcc' has no installation candidate

sudo dpkg -C não retorna nada.

    

Answer 1

1. Verifique seu /etc/apt/sources.list , talvez você tenha várias distribuições?
2. Ele diz que o gcc (pelo menos da versão 4.4.3) não é instalável, por quê? Você pode testar isso facilmente, tentando instalar isso com um comando apt-get install gcc .
3. Verifique se o seu sistema tem apenas pacotes limpos com o comando dpkg -C . Se houver pacotes danificados ou não configurados, corrija-os com dpkg --configure -a ou removendo / reinstalando-os.

Freqüentemente acontece que você tem alguns pacotes em versões múltiplas em seus repositórios remotos. Por exemplo, você tem um build-essential de testing e stable, mas o gcc correspondente só é alcançável a partir do stable. A consequência:

• Tentando instalar o essencial da compilação, o gerenciador de pacotes tenta obter sua versão mais recente do pacote,
• mas esta versão do pacote requer uma nova versão do gcc como você tem em seu repositório estável.

Problemas semelhantes que você pode verificar facilmente com um simples apt-cache show build-essential . Se você receber vários pacotes (com versões diferentes), considere tentar uma versão anterior. apt-get install packagename=1.2.3 irá instalar o pacote com a versão 1.2.3.

Sugiro ampliar sua pergunta com a saída de seus comandos.

    

Answer 2

Encontrou uma solução. Depois de mais experiências, descobri que não era possível instalar outros pacotes usando o apt também. Então notei que havia erros de incompatibilidade de soma de hash ao executar a atualização apot-get. No final, encontrei executando os seguintes comandos corrigidos meu problema:

apt-get clean
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
apt-get clean
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

Depois de executar isso, agora posso instalar o pacote essencial da compilação.