Qual é o objetivo de criar o VDO no topo do Thin LVM? O VDO já está thin provisioned e está trabalhando em blocos de 4kb.
VDO on top of VDO volumes: storage → VDO → LVM → VDO - does not make sence to deduplicate deduplicated data
VDO on top of LVM Snapshots - does not make sense to snapshot deduplicated data
VDO on top of LVM Cache - do you need to deduplicate caching, really?
VDO on top of LVM Thin Provisioning - as I said above, VDO is already thin device. Moreover, VDO itself will change the state to read only in case if there is no free space on underlying storage, while if you put VDO on top of the LVM thin, VDO will doesn't know that space is ended it will leads to possible data corruption
Encrypted volumes on top of VDO: storage → VDO → DM-Crypt - by design deduplication of encrypted data is not possible (obviously because encrypted data/device is require fully provisioned size)
RAID (LVM, MD, or any other type) on top of a VDO volume - why do you need to create a RAID groups for deduplicated objects?
Em relação ao seu cenário, apenas faça assim (o LVM deve ser redundante no nível físico) - armazenamento - > LVM PV - > LVM VG - > LVM LV - > VDO - > Armazenamento (na VM) - > EXT4 (na VM)
Eu coloco algumas VMs de teste em um cenário semelhante e tudo está funcionando bem.