NÃO, você não pode
Referência:
postfix header_checks work on one header at a time. so there's no way to have a rule that works on all the headers. and in particular, there's no way to specify a rule that says if "$header doesn't exists".
As documented, header_checks makes a decision one header at a time, and does not remember decisions from one header to the next.
I suggest that you fix the problem in the program that creates the message.
If you must repair this in Postfix, then you need to use an external content filter (http://www.postfix.org/FILTER_README.html) or a Milter application (http://www.postfix.org/MILTER_README.html).