De a página wiki do fedora sobre systemd :
Does chkconfig command work with systemd?
Yes, for turning on/off services, compatibility has been provided both ways. chkconfig has been modified to call systemctl when dealing with systemd service files. Also systemctl automatically calls chkconfig when dealing with a traditional sysv init file.
Isso significa que você deve poder usar uma das ferramentas para gerenciar seus serviços.
O conceito de runlevels ainda existe, por exemplo (este é um sistema Debian):
ls -l runlevel*.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Jun 5 22:57 runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jun 5 22:57 runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 5 22:57 runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 5 22:57 runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 5 22:57 runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jun 5 22:57 runlevel5.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jun 5 22:57 runlevel6.target -> reboot.target