Do artigo "Checksum" da Wikipédia :
A checksum or hash sum is a small-size datum from a block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors which may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. It is usually applied to an installation file after it is received from the download server. By themselves checksums are often used to verify data integrity, but should not be relied upon to also verify data authenticity
O uso depende da criptografia, por exemplo, as seguintes formas são válidas:
> sha256sum -c - <<<"{hash} *downloaded-file.tar"
> md5sum -c - <<<"{hash} *downloaded-file.tar"
onde {hash}
é substituído pelo valor correspondente.