Não tenho certeza do motivo pelo qual o IP não estava sendo resolvido antes. Mas magicamente este Dockerfile funciona:
FROM node:8
RUN apt-get update && \
apt-get -y install sudo
RUN sudo apt-get -y --fix-missing update
RUN sudo apt-get -y --fix-missing upgrade
RUN sudo apt-get -y --no-install-recommends install apt-utils
RUN sudo apt-get install -y sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev
RUN sudo apt-get install -y telnet
RUN sudo apt-get install -y netcat
RUN sudo apt-get install -y mongodb
RUN apt-get install -y chromium
RUN apt-get install --fix-missing -y xvfb
RUN echo " => User home in test container is $HOME"
RUN mkdir -p /tmp/test-deps
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/cdt-tests
WORKDIR /usr/local/cdt-tests
ENV NODE_ENV test
# => mongodb username/password are empty for now
ENV OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_USERNAME ""
ENV OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_PASSWORD ""
ENV OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_HOST "cdt-mongo.cdt-net"
ENV OPENSHIFT_MONGODB_DB_PORT 27017
ENV PROJECT_ROOT ${PROJECT_ROOT}
ENV SUMAN_POSTINSTALL_IS_DAEMON no
RUN npm config --global set color false
RUN npm config --global set progress=false
RUN npm config --global set loglevel=warn
# npm stuff
COPY package.json .
RUN npm install --no-optional --log-level=warn --silent > /dev/null
RUN npm install -g bunyan --log-level=warn --silent > /dev/null
RUN npm install -g protractor --log-level=warn --silent > /dev/null
# bower stuff
COPY bower.json .
COPY .bowerrc .
RUN npm install bower > /dev/null 2>&1
RUN mkdir -p ./public/lib
RUN ./node_modules/.bin/bower install --config.interactive=false --allow-root > /dev/null 2>&1
COPY . .
RUN cp -r cdt-logger node_modules/cdt-logger
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "/usr/local/cdt-tests/@run-tests.sh"]