Estou tendo problemas com uma unidade USB barata que acabei de comprar. Isso é o que eu fiz até agora.
Primeiro, depois de verificar o ID do dispositivo, limpei-o:
$ sudo dd status=progress if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdi
4027441664 bytes (4.0 GB, 3.8 GiB) copied, 1334 s, 3.0 MB/s
dd: writing to '/dev/sdi': No space left on device
7866369+0 records in
7866368+0 records out
4027580416 bytes (4.0 GB, 3.8 GiB) copied, 1462.23 s, 2.8 MB/s
Depois criei uma partição:
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdi
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd899fea4.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-7866367, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-7866367, default 7866367): +2G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.
Então eu fiz isso FAT:
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): c
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'.
Command (m for help):
Em seguida, criei uma segunda partição:
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (4196352-7866367, default 4196352):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (4196352-7866367, default 7866367):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 1.8 GiB.
Então eu fiz também FAT:
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Partition type (type L to list all types): c
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'.
Depois tornei a segunda partição inicializável:
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
The bootable flag on partition 2 is enabled now.
E depois salvei depois de verificar se tudo estava bem:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdi: 3.8 GiB, 4027580416 bytes, 7866368 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd899fea4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdi1 2048 4196351 4194304 2G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdi2 * 4196352 7866367 3670016 1.8G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Então eu criei os sistemas de arquivos:
$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdi1
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdi2
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
Depois tentei montá-los e foi aí que encontrei o problema:
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi1 /mnt/1
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi2 /mnt/2
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdi2,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so.
Como você pode ver, não consigo montar a segunda partição. Então, primeiro eu verifiquei que / mnt / 2 existe:
$ tree /mnt
/mnt
├── 1
├── 2
├── 3
└── laura
4 directories, 0 files
Depois, tentei alterar o sinalizador inicializável, sem sucesso:
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdi
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
The bootable flag on partition 2 is disabled now.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).
$ sudo umount /mnt/1
$ sudo partprobe
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi1 /mnt/1
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi2 /mnt/2
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdi2,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so.
Em seguida, tentei alterar os tipos de partição:
$ sudo umount /mnt/1
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdi
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Partition type (type L to list all types): 83
Changed type of partition 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)' to 'Linux'.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): 83
Changed type of partition 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)' to 'Linux'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
E criou sistemas de arquivos ext4:
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdi1
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
/dev/sdi1 contains a vfat file system
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 524288 4k blocks and 131072 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 25ddfdac-d7eb-4c00-b0fe-c58a46cfac17
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdi2
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
/dev/sdi2 contains 'ISO-8859 text, with very long lines, with no line terminators' data
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 458752 4k blocks and 114688 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 5cdf13ed-453a-4947-9a5e-84b32a426648
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
Por favor note que, ao invés de um sistema de arquivos vfat, o / dev / sdi2 contém o texto '' ISO-8859, com linhas muito longas, sem dados de terminação de linha ''.
Quando tento montar as partições, nenhuma delas funciona:
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi1 /mnt/1
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdi1,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so.
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi2 /mnt/2
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdi2,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so.
Então eu decidi mudar seus tamanhos. Para fazer isso, excluí as partições e as criei novamente com tamanhos diferentes:
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdi
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-7866367, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-7866367, default 7866367): +128M
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 128 MiB.
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (264192-7866367, default 264192):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (264192-7866367, default 7866367):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 3.6 GiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdi: 3.8 GiB, 4027580416 bytes, 7866368 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd899fea4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdi1 2048 264191 262144 128M 83 Linux
/dev/sdi2 264192 7866367 7602176 3.6G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Agora criei seus sistemas de arquivos ext4:
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdi1
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
Creating filesystem with 131072 1k blocks and 32768 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 6ddbd9b9-590d-4566-9bd7-542fe208d3e3
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdi2
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
/dev/sdi2 contains 'Lotus unknown worksheet or configuration, revision 0x0' data
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 950272 4k blocks and 237568 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 496ff913-1af7-4b9f-942a-29ae431cc9b2
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
Novamente, observe como / dev / sdi2 supostamente contém '' Planilha ou configuração desconhecida do Lotus, revisão 0x0 data ''
Quando tentei montar as partições, o mesmo problema surgiu:
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi1 /mnt/1
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi2 /mnt/2
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdi2,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so.
Então, tentei alterar seus tipos de volta para FAT e criar os sistemas de arquivos pesados:
$ sudo umount /mnt/1
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdi
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): c
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Partition type (type L to list all types): c
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdi1
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdi2
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
E então, quando eu tentei montá-los, adivinhe:
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi1 /mnt/1
$ sudo mount /dev/sdi2 /mnt/2
$ echo "hello" | sudo tee /mnt/2/hi
hello
$ cat /mnt/2/hi
hello
Ta-daaa! Funciona!
Ainda assim, preciso que as partições tenham seus tamanhos originais. Alguma ideia? Isso é um problema de hardware? Este USB é simplesmente muito ruim?