man xscreensaver-demo:
Lock Screen After
This controls the length of the ''grace period'' between when the
screensaver activates, and when the screen becomes locked. For
example, if this is 5 minutes, and Blank After is 10 minutes, then
after 10 minutes, the screen would blank. If there was user activ‐
ity at 12 minutes, no password would be required to un-blank the
screen. But, if there was user activity at 15 minutes or later
(that is, Lock Screen After minutes after activation) then a pass‐
word would be required. The default is 0, meaning that if locking
is enabled, then a password will be required as soon as the screen
blanks.