awk :
awk -F'|' '{ for(i=6;i<=10;i++) print $1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$i,$11,$12,$13 }' OFS='|' file
A saída:
a|b|c|d|e|1|f|g|h
a|b|c|d|e|2|f|g|h
a|b|c|d|e|3|f|g|h
a|b|c|d|e|4|f|g|h
a|b|c|d|e|5|f|g|h
-
for(i=6;i<=10;i++)
- iterando pelos campos cruciais