Como se conectar ao banco de dados MySQL do python 3 em 16.04

Question

Estou seguindo este guia para que eu possa instalar o conector MySQL para o python 3.

link

Infelizmente, quando eu digitei:

(env) pip install mysqlclient

Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading mysqlclient-1.3.12.tar.gz (89kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 1.4MB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mysqlclient ... error
  Complete output from command /home/hugh/SAT/env/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-sbgaxask/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpqgsp3qwwpip-wheel- --python-tag cp35:
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5
  copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
  running build_ext
  building '_mysql' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5
  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python3.5m -I/home/hugh/SAT/env/include/python3.5m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/_mysql.o
  _mysql.c:32:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
  compilation terminated.
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
  Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /home/hugh/SAT/env/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-sbgaxask/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-d4xggqn_-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/hugh/SAT/env/include/site/python3.5/mysqlclient:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python3.5m -I/home/hugh/SAT/env/include/python3.5m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/_mysql.o
    _mysql.c:32:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/home/tom/SAT/env/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-sbgaxask/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-d4xggqn_-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/hugh/SAT/env/include/site/python3.5/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-sbgaxask/mysqlclient/

Por favor, avise.

    

Answer 1

Você precisa de bibliotecas de desenvolvimento python para criar módulos python:

sudo apt install python3-dev libpython3-dev

deve cuidar disso para você.

Mas a maneira recomendada de adicionar isso no Ubuntu seria usar os repositórios do Ubuntu. Assim, para instalar as ligações do mysql para python3, execute

sudo apt install python3-mysqldb

Isto irá instalar as ligações necessárias para se conectar ao mysql do Python 3, e garante que ele será atualizado junto com outros pacotes do seu sistema. Isso é recomendado, a menos que você precise especificamente de uma versão mais recente, ou o pacote não esteja disponível nos repositórios do Ubuntu.

    

Answer 2

O MySQLdb não funciona com o Python 3. Se for possível mudar de MySQLdb, recomendo que você use o conector MySQL Python . Porque ele funciona com o Python 2 e 3 e é o driver oficial do MySQL para trabalhar com Python.

pip install mysql-connector-python

Se o pip falhar, você pode fazer o download do instalador no link

i.e. Instalando o MySQL Connector usando o pacote DEB Consulte este guia para baixar e instalar

Este módulo adere à especificação Python Database API Specification v2.0 (PEP 249).

Em seguida, use o método connect() do conector python do mysql para conectar-se ao MySQL.passar o argumento requerido para o método connect (). ou seja, host, nome de usuário, senha e nome do banco de dados