Com base nos erros que você forneceu, parece que o seu servidor não pode estabelecer conexão TCP com o servidor proxy.
Você pode fazer telnet (estabelecer conexão TCP) para a porta 8080 em 198.23.143.4?
telnet 198.23.143.4 8080
Eu percebo que há muitas perguntas "não consegui buscar" feitas antes, mas nenhuma delas parece resolver meu problema.
Isso é o que eu recebo depois de digitar export http_proxy=http://198.23.143.4:8080
então sudo apt-get update
Eu tenho um Ubuntu 11.10 recém-instalado (não é uma atualização)
Err http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports InRelease
Err http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security InRelease
Err http://extras.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg
Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
Err http://security.ubuntu.com oneiric-security Release.gpg
Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric Release.gpg
Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-updates Release.gpg
Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com oneiric-backports Release.gpg
Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-updates/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-backports/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-security/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric/Release.gpg Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric/Release.gpg Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-updates/Release.gpg Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-backports/Release.gpg Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/oneiric-security/Release.gpg Unable to connect to 198.23.143.4:8080:
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
Com base nos erros que você forneceu, parece que o seu servidor não pode estabelecer conexão TCP com o servidor proxy.
Você pode fazer telnet (estabelecer conexão TCP) para a porta 8080 em 198.23.143.4?
telnet 198.23.143.4 8080