A documentação do mongo no EC2 recomenda o uso do repositório EBS over instance:
EC2 instances can be configured either with ephemeral storage or persistent storage using the Elastic Block Store (EBS). Ephemeral storage is lost when instances are terminated so it is generally not recommended for use unless you’re comfortable with the data-loss implications.
For almost all deployments EBS will be the better choice. For production systems we recommend using
- EBS-optimized EC2 instances
- Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS) EBS volumes