Você pode estar procurando no lugar errado. As unidades podem estar em vários lugares.
$ systemctl cat systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
# /lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
...
(você também pode ver um comando aqui:
$ systemctl status systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
● systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service - Cleanup of Temporary Directories
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service; static)
Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2017-07-16 17:34:00 BST; 16h ago
Docs: man:tmpfiles.d(5)
man:systemd-tmpfiles(8)
Process: 28580 ExecStart=/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 28580 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Para verificar novamente o serviço associado:
$ systemctl show -p Unit systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
Unit=systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service